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Title: | Measuring geographic access to emergency obstetric care: a comparison of travel time estimates modelled using Google Maps Directions API and AccessMod in three Nigerian conurbations | Authors: | Peter M. Macharia Kerry L.M. Wong Lenka Beňová Jia Wang Prestige Tatenda Makanga Nicolas Ray Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas Population and Health Impact Surveillance Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Surveying and Geomatics Department, Midlands State University Faculty of the Built Environment, Gweru, Midlands, Zimbabwe; Climate, Environment and Health Department, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Zimbabwe. GeoHealth Group, Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; Maternal and Reproductive Health Research Collective, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. |
Keywords: | Spatial accessibility least cost path AccessMod Google Maps Directions API urban area maternal health |
Issue Date: | 27-May-2024 | Publisher: | PAGEpress | Abstract: | Google Maps Directions Application Programming Interface (the API) and AccessMod tools are increasingly being used to estimate travel time to healthcare. However, no formal comparison of estimates from the tools has been conducted. We modelled and compared median travel time (MTT) to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) using both tools in three Nigerian conurbations (Kano, Port-Harcourt, and Lagos). We compiled spatial layers of CEmOC healthcare facilities, road network, elevation, and land cover and used a least-cost path algorithm within AccessMod to estimate MTT to the nearest CEmOC facility. Comparable MTT estimates were extracted using the API for peak and non-peak travel scenarios. We investigated the relationship between MTT estimates generated by both tools at raster celllevel (0.6 km resolution). We also aggregated the raster cell estimates to generate administratively relevant ward-level MTT. We compared ward-level estimates and identified wards within the same conurbation falling into different 15-minute incremental categories (<15/15-30/30-45/45-60/+60). Of the 189, 101 and 375 wards, 72.0%, 72.3% and 90.1% were categorised in the same 15- minute category in Kano, Port-Harcourt, and Lagos, respectively. Concordance decreased in wards with longer MTT. AccessMod MTT were longer than the API’s in areas with ≥45min. At the raster cell-level, MTT had a strong positive correlation (≥0.8) in all conurbations. Adjusted R2 from a linear model (0.624-0.723) was high, increasing marginally in a piecewise linear model (0.677-0.807). In conclusion, at <45-minutes, ward-level estimates from the API and AccessMod are marginally different, however, at longer travel times substantial differences exist, which are amenable to conversion factors. | URI: | https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/6241 |
Appears in Collections: | Research Papers |
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Measuring geographic access to emergency obstetric care.pdf | Abstract | 67.03 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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