Risk factors associated with a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections in Beitbridge, Zimbabwe

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health challenge, particularly in developing countries where the health infrastructure is often poor. Despite having a number of interventions in Beitbridge (such as the 24-hour wellness centre), Zimbabwe, the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is increasing. This study, therefore, aims to assess the risk factors associated with the high incidence of STIs in urban Beitbridge. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 30 respondents who had suffered from sexually transmitted infections (selected from the registers at Beitbridge hospital and followed up) and 90 respondents who had not suffered from sexually transmitted infections (from the community) who resided in Beitbridge for at least six months and this excluded all those that were in transit. Factors contributing to high Sexually Transmitted Infection incidence were identified using a pretested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire in conjunction with a Likert scale to establish the attitudes and risk behaviours of the respondents on Sexually Transmitted Infections. Results: A significant association was observed between high STI incidences and nature of occupation (OR 3.8), area of residence (OR 2.78), number of sexual partners (OR 7.56), payment demanded for sex (OR 22), condom use (OR 3.7), alcohol use (OR 2.86), and suspicion that partners had other sexual companions (OR 15.5). Furthermore, a larger proportion of controls were knowledgeable on Sexually Transmitted Infections as compared to the cases who participated in the study. Conclusion: There is a need to develop awareness strategies that foster safe sexual practices, particularly among populations that do not choose abstinence or a single sexual partner lifestyle.