https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/18 2026-04-11T05:11:52Z 2026-04-11T05:11:52Z Machafa, Andrew https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/6983 2026-01-12T13:03:04Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Role of NGOs in improving food security and livelihoods: Case of Caritas in Masvingo province Authors: Machafa, Andrew Abstract: Many attempts have been made to improve food security and livelihood in Masvingo province. Although the researcher showed that Caritas managed to improve food security and livelihoods in Masvingo province but a lot needs to be done since food insecurity remained the main problem in the province especially in rural areas. The study sought to evaluate the impacts of Caritas through food security and improving livelihoods. The research was undertaken in Masvingo province. According to the total number of beneficiaries, they were approximately 1000 but only 64 representing 6.4% were randomly selected in collecting the required information both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were adopted. Also observations, structured interviews and document review were used by the researcher in acquiring information. The main programmes which improving livelihoods includes Goats, pass on gifts, nutritional and incoming gardens, food relief, trainings on rain water harvest and Conservation Farming, mechanisation of Agriculture, borehole drilling, agro ecology, women empowerment, educational initiatives. The results showed that Caritas succeeded in improving food security and livelihoods security and it helped in response to disaster. Challenges involve no or lack of constant monitoring, limited funds, poor targeting, dependence syndrome and duplication of projects. The researcher also recommend that NGOs should source more funding and do partnerships with other organisations. Monitoring and evaluation should be done properly which means before, in due course and after the programme. The bottom up approach should be used in selecting beneficiaries so that the vulnerable groups will benefit from the projects and programmes. Lastly NGOs should not come up with programmes and projects that cause increased dependence ratio. NGOs need to adopt an integrated approach with other stakeholders which specialised on agriculture and animal rearing like AREX.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Machafa, Andrew Shekede, Edward https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/6913 2025-11-05T12:36:36Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: An analysis on the effectiveness of the African union standby force in combating religious terrorism: a case study of Somalia Authors: Shekede, Edward Abstract: The study sought to assess the effectiveness of AU Standby Force in combating religious terrorism in Somalia and proffer recommendations on how the AU’s counter-terrorism operation could lead to stability in Somalia. The study was provoked by the intensifying cases of terror attacks and activities which comprise suicide bombings, killings of civilians, military attacks and demolition of property thereby throttling development. This study was carried out through qualitative methods of data collection such as textual analysis, unstructured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Findings from this study unveil that the AU has played a significant role in bringing the military and political realizations so far in Somalia after a protracted period of anarchy. Security has enormously improved and the AMISOM has ousted Al Shabaab from urban hubs comprising the capital city Mogadishu and other minor settlements in Somalia. A provisional government and some administrative institutions were put in place and efforts for restoring peace in the country are now underway. Notwithstanding the accomplishments, the findings also disclose that Al Shabaab continues to launch attacks on AMISOM headquarters, for instance El Adde recently, on restaurants, beaches and has altered strategies to asymmetric attacks using guerrilla strategies. The findings have also shown AMISOM’s main challenge of inadequate funding to increase equipment and human resources to continue fighting and securing liberated areas as well as obstructing Al Shabaab’s supply routes and bases. In light of the setbacks and challenges faced by the AMISOM, several recommendations have been submitted for the AU to safeguard sustainable security, peace and economic development in Somalia and the entire East African region.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Shekede, Edward Nyamaropa, Tendai https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/6909 2025-11-05T07:05:55Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Analyisis of the role played by non-governmental organisations in their fight for peace and social justice: human rights: the case of Zimbabwe lawyers for human rights: from 2000 - to 2020. Authors: Nyamaropa, Tendai Abstract: The research topic came after the realisation that, human rights problems have been experienced in Zimbabwe since the period before its political independence in 1980. In order to carry out the intended purpose the research objectives and research questions were outlined to guide the research on the topic, ‘Analysis of the role played by NGOs in their fight for human rights: The case of ZLHR from 2000 to 2020. Relevant literature was used to explore views of other scholars in relation to human rights protection systems and mechanisms in Zimbabwe. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in the research. These include questionnaires, interviews, field observations, desktop research and other methods. From the targeted 42 respondents, 100% of the target population was reached and responded to the questionnaires and interviews. The findings of the study revealed that human rights violations in Zimbabwe are mainly associated with poor national programs and major national issues such as elections or during demonstrations. When political contestations take place those in authority often use violent means to suppress perceived opponents. Impunity has allowed human rights violations to persist. On the socio economic front, lack of adequate budgetary support from the government to support education, health, water and sanitation, shelter and environment has led to serious challenges in the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. Government programs such as Operation Murambatsvina caused serious rights violation to the right for to shelter. This study revealed that a lot of challenges are militating against the full attainment of human rights in Zimbabwe. The same obstacles are also affecting ZLHR in its endeavour to promote human rights in Zimbabwe. Chief among which include lack of adequate budgetary support from the government, poor government programs, lack of political will to deal with human rights issues, existence of claw back clauses in the constitution of Zimbabwe, selective application of the law, attack on human rights defenders among others as revealed in the study below.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Nyamaropa, Tendai Bulasho, Nyasha https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/6908 2025-11-04T14:06:52Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Socio-Economic Impacts of Smallholder Tobacco Farming on Livelihoods. A Case of Mvurwi Tarastore Area Authors: Bulasho, Nyasha Abstract: Tobacco is a strategic crop in Zimbabwe in that, it creates employment and it is a means for earning foreign currency which is vital for development in all forms. Smallholder tobacco farming has been adopted by Mvurwi Tarastore Area in Mazoe District, Mashonaland Central Province as a livelihood strategy. From a smallholder tobacco farmer population of 225 farmers, 23 participants were selected as a sample size which is 10% of the total population. Through purposive sampling, farmers with more or less than 5years in tobacco farming were selected. Farm workers including children were included. Using qualitative research methods was used and data was collected using interviews, primary evidence and secondary sources. From the study, negative socio-economic impacts of smallholder tobacco farming on Mvurwi Tarastore Area livelihoods outweighed the positive socio-economic impacts. The negative socio-economic impacts were, low education levels, gender and labor, food insecurity, ill-health and child labor and the positive socio-economic impacts of tobacco farming are infrastructure development, asset accumulation and employment creation. These socio-economic impacts were discovered because tobacco farming has many limitations which aredeforestation, capital and labor intensiveness, climate change and environmental degradation.To solve those limitations, smallholder tobacco farmers can/have adopted strategies whichare afforestation and reforestation, engaging in grain farming, and money saving schemes.Some strategies like insurance facilities, human rights watch mechanization may also beadopted to enhance tobacco farming as a livelihood strategy in Mvurwi Tarastore Area.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Bulasho, Nyasha